viernes, 9 de junio de 2017

REPORTED SPEECH

Dear students,

today we are going to study reported speech, that is, indirect speech.

There are some tense changes:

PRESENT SIMPLE
I am a teacher🙋
PAST SIMPLE
He said that he was a teacher
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
They are studying the reported speech
PAST CONTINUOUS
They said that they were studying the reported speech📚
PAST SIMPLE
We ate octopus in Galicia
PAST PERFECT
They said that they had eaten octopus in Galicia🐙
PAST CONTINUOUS
I was listening to music
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
He said that he had been listening to music🙉
PRESENT PERFECT
I haven’t read Harry Potter
PAST PERFECT
He said that he hadn’t read Harry Potter😲
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
We have been doing our homework
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
They said that they had been doing their homework✌
PAST PERFECT
I had gone there before
PAST PERFECT
He said he had gone there before🚀
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
We had been practising a lot
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
They said that they had been practising a lot😊
WILL
It will rain
WOULD
He said that it would rain🌂
CAN
I can speak English
COULD
He said that he could speak English💗
MAY
He may come soon
MIGHT
He said that he might come soon✈


There are also some changes in time and place expressions:

NOW
THEN
TODAY
THAT DAY
TOMORROW
THE FOLLOWING DAY
THE NEXT DAY
YESTERDAY
THE PREVIOUS DAY
THE DAY BEFORE
NEXT WEEK/MONTH/ YEAR
THE FOLLOWING WEEK/MONTH/ YEAR
THE NEXT WEEK/MONTH/ YEAR
LAST WEEK/MONTH/ YEAR
THE PREVIOUS WEEK/MONTH/ YEAR
THE WEEK/MONTH/ YEAR BEFORE
THIS /THESE
THAT/ THOSE
HERE
THERE

For requests and commands (peticiones y órdenes) we use the reporting verbs "tell/order" (for orders: ordenar, mandar) or "ask" (for requests: pedir) and then we use the infinitive. So the structure would be:

Someone + ask/tell/order+ someone + (not) to do* + something

*When we have a negative sentence, we use NOT before the infinitive.

For example:

Do your homework! (order) → The teacher told / ordered me to do my homework.
Please, don't shout at me (request) → She asked me not to shout at her.


 In QUESTIONS we use the reporting verb "ask" (preguntar). There are two types of questions:

  • Yes/no questions: Can you play the piano?
  • Wh- questions: Where do you study?
For yes/no questions we use this structure:

Someone + ask + (someone) + if + subject + verb + complements

He asked (me) if I could play the piano.

For Wh- questions we use this structure:

Someone + ask + (someone) + wh- + subject + verb + complements

He asked (me) where I studied.

Finally, don't forget that you can also use other reporting verbs with different structures (last slide on the Prezi).


Here you have the link to the PREZI

And the video with explanations in Spanish.



Last but not least, here you have some exercises to practise. I hope you find them useful.

Exercise 1
Exercise 2: Commands (online)
Exercise 3: Questions (online)
Web page with several exercises (online)
Reporting verbs 1
Reporting verbs 2

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